Global Research Society Publisher

GRS Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies

All Issues

1. Tragedy or betrayal of love in the ballad "Renegade" by Adam Mickiewic...
9

Rafig Novruzov*, Gulnar Novruz...
Baku Slavic University, Head of the Department of Literature of Slavic Peoples, Baku, Azerbaijan.
1-4
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17509962

This article is devoted to the analysis of the ballad "The Renegade" by the famous Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The idea of the work is to describe the events that reflect the fate of loving people who cannot unite with each other due to the dogmas of confessions. The plot of the poem consists of three episodes that make up a sequence of events. In their structure, they resemble edifying stories of traditional Sufi parables. The Polish poet, skillfully using the realities of Eastern culture, in particular Turkish, tries to create a colorful, fabulous picture of the medieval Ottoman Empire, against the background of which the events of the life of the ruler-pasha unfold. The places of action of the events are different. The first episode takes place in the harem of the ruler. Concubines of different nationalities try to entertain their saddened, sad master with dances and songs. The reader does not know the reasons for the sadness of the ruler, who is surrounded by beautiful girls eager to attract his attention. The fairy-tale atmosphere is broken by a court servant who comes with his gift, a new concubine. He, confident that her beauty will be able to lift the mood of the master, removes the veil from the concubine. The expected reaction is not crowned with success: the master is not surprised by anything, but at the same time, to everyone's surprise, he suddenly dies. The second episode takes place in the square, where a crowd is described demanding the unconditional punishment of the concubine, who is the cause of the ruler's death. The last episode, the final scene takes us to a distant northern country, where the former captive, who linked her fate with a coreligionist, dies of longing for her lover. This episode is the culmination. During the funeral service for the deceased, a Turk appears who asks to fulfill the wish of his deceased master and marry the deceased. The ballad ends with a mystical refusal of the deceased, who remained faithful to her religious traditions. Thus, the poet, turning to an ancient Eastern parable, reveals the tragedy of love, leaving its perception and interpretation to the reader himself.

2. Comparison the results of acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus el...
6

Changiz Delavari, Ali Yavari*,...
MD Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, imam Khomeini hospital complex, medicine faculty, Tehran University of medical science, Tehran, Iran.
5-9
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17520904

Background and aim: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for gallstones. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and comparison with open cholecystectomy and elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in regard with side effects, the rate of converting to the open procedure, duration of hospitalization and duration of surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done on 235 patients, including 94 patients with a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in an emergency by using one of two methods: open surgery (48 cases) or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cases (46 cases). The third group including 141 patients with symptomatic stones was undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis through ultrasound. Results &Findings: The mean length of hospitalization was 5.3 and 2 days in open surgery, acute laparoscopy and elective laparoscopy, respectively. The mean time of surgery was 58/8 ± 29/3, 53/2 ± 3/2 and 18.8 ± 39.9 minutes, in open surgery, acute laparoscopy and elective laparoscopy, respectively. Main complications in patients with open surgery -5 cases- was (10.4%), in patients with acute laparoscopy, 2 cases (5.1%) and in patients with elective laparoscopy -5 cases, was (3.6%). Conclusion: This study showed that laparoscopic acute cholecystectomy compared with open cholecystectomy is along with by reducing the length of hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay and main complications and should be considered as the first choice before make decision for doing open cholecystectomy.

3. Digital Gender Performatives: A Cross-Platform Study of Language on Fa...
10

Gyang Dorcas Luka*
Imo State University, Nigeria Department of Mass Communication.
10-25
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17541386

The present study explores how gender identity is linguistically constructed across Meta's integrated Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp ecosystem. Drawing on the theory of Judith Butler's gender performativity and the sociolinguistics of computer-mediated communication, this research will be based on a qualitative, multi-case study methodology. By means of digital ethnography, content analysis, and semi-structured interviews, it examines how platform affordances shape gendered linguistic performances. The emergent taxonomy is rather clear: Facebook's context collapse fosters generalized, collaboratively-policed scripts; Instagram's visual-centricity promotes aesthetic, citational performances with hashtags and emojis; and WhatsApp's privacy enables intimate, dialogic identity negotiation by means of code-switching and conversational pragmatics. This study concludes that digital gender is not a monolithic expression but a fluid, context-dependent accomplishment. Thus, the platform itself acts as a co-author in an active manner to shape the "stylized repetition of acts" that constitute gender online, commanding a platform-sensitive approach toward understanding identity in the digital age.

4. Emerging Contaminants in waste Water: Detection, and Treatment Innovat...
8

Mansir Mahammed Bako*, Kawaye...
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China and UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
26-38
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17569399

Emerging contaminants (ECs) have become a growing global concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and harmful ecological and health effects. These pollutants ranging from pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, surfactants, and microplastics to antibiotic resistance genes are increasingly detected in wastewater and natural water bodies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of their sources, classifications, and detection methods, emphasizing advanced analytical tools such as LC–MS/MS, GC–MS, HPLC, FT-IR, UV–Vis, Raman, and ICP–MS for accurate identification and quantification at trace levels. It further explores cutting-edge treatment innovations, including advanced oxidation and photocatalytic systems, membrane filtration technologies, adsorptive biochars and nanomaterials, as well as sustainable biological processes like algal–bacterial consortia and enzymatic bioreactors. These technologies demonstrate remarkable efficiency in removing complex contaminants, yet face challenges related to cost, scalability, energy demand, and secondary pollution. The review concludes that solving EC-related challenges requires integrating detection advancements with eco-friendly hybrid treatment systems and supportive regulatory policies. By linking science, technology, and governance, the study highlights a pathway toward sustainable wastewater management and environmental protection in the face of emerging pollutants.

5. Statistical characteristics of the gravity and magnetic field for the...
3

Emil Oynakov*, Irena Alexandro...
Department of Seismology and Seismic Engineering in National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIGGG-BAS), Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
39-43
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17589000

This study characterizes the spatial statistics, gradients, and lineaments of the gravity and magnetic fields across the Black Sea region to illuminate crustal architecture and tectonic controls. We use satellite-derived free‑air gravity grids from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the EMAG2 magnetic anomaly grid, resampled onto a common mesh. Within a moving two‑dimensional window (31×31 nodes), we compute the first four statistical moments—mean, variance, skewness, and (excess) kurtosis—and compare their spatial patterns. We also estimate horizontal gradients and total gradient direction via local least‑squares plane fits, and extract lineaments from maxima of the horizontal gradient magnitude and complementary directional filters. Variance, skewness, and excess sharpen boundaries and reveal fabric that is subdued in the original fields, while gradient‑based lineaments delineate probable structural contacts. Regional trends are consistent with published models for Black Sea tectonics and sedimentary basin architecture. The workflow provides a reproducible template for reconnaissance‑scale interpretation, resource screening, and hazard assessment.

6. Evaluation of EduChat as a Teacher's Co-pilot and Its Contribution to...
4

Eliza B. Ayo*, Czarina Mitz N....
Computer Education Department, Centro Escolar University Manila, Philippines.
44-49
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17626987

This study addresses critical gaps in educational interactivity and teacher-student engagement by leveraging artificial intelligence to develop EduChat, an AI-powered teacher co-pilot designed to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The system directly contributes to SDG 4 (Quality Education) by ensuring inclusive and equitable education; SDG 5 (Gender Equality) through accessible, unbiased learning resources; SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) via the integration of innovative AI technology; and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by democratizing educational access. Developed using Voiceflow and ChatDash within an agile framework, EduChat allows teachers to upload instructional materials to a centralized knowledge base, enabling the chatbot to provide accurate, context-aware responses to student queries 24/7. System evaluation demonstrated an average response time of 6.58 seconds, a recognition rate of 95%, and a fallback rate of 5%, confirming both efficiency and reliability. EduChat enhances pedagogical accessibility, reduces educator workload, and promotes lifelong learning, illustrating significant potential for scalable, sustainable educational innovation aligned with the 2030 Agenda.

7. Ecological Review on Heavy Metal Interactions with Bacterial Dynamics...
7

Md. Mostafijur Rahman, Md. Esh...
Scientific Officer, Soil Resource Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Bangladesh
50-56
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17627009

The growing exploitation of natural resources is increasing the human-induced pressure on soil. Industrial, metallurgical, and mining operations release excessive amounts of heavy metals into the soil. Waste and wastewater from various facilities also contribute to contamination. These metals accumulate in the soil and can disrupt the bacterial community, which is an essential indicator of soil health. Modern molecular genetic tools, such as shotgun sequencing and met barcoding of standard DNA markers are widely used to study soil bacterial diversity. This review summarizes recent research on how heavy metals affect soil bacterial communities using metagenomics approaches. Studies from the past decades consistently reveal that heavy metal pollution generally harms bacterial diversity and alters community structure. Several factors also influence metal toxicity, such as soil salinity, pH, ecosystem type, the presence of plant roots, and other soil characteristics. The paper further highlights potential future directions for research in this field.

8. Empowering Faculty through TPACK: Technological Pedagogical Content Kn...
2

Shahid Hassan*, Dinah Lord, Sy...
American University of Barbados School of Medicine
57-73
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17667254

The evolving landscape of medical education demands faculty who are technologically competent, pedagogically skilled, and content proficient. The Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework provides an integrative model that aligns with the Competency-Based Education and Training framework (CBET) philosophy emphasizing outcomes, performance, and competency as the focus of the training. This study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a faculty development program that integrates TPACK principles within a CBET framework in a private medical school setting. Using a mixed-methods design, the program involved a series of structured workshops, reflective practice activities, and evaluation surveys. Quantitative results demonstrated significant improvement in participants’ self-rated competencies across TPACK domains, while qualitative feedback revealed enhanced confidence and readiness to design technology-enhanced CBME learning and assessment experiences. The study concludes that TPACK-informed faculty development fosters a holistic and sustainable professional learning culture in medical education aligned with the digital transformation of CBME.

9. Informal Control Systems in Smes: An Empirical Overview of Social Cont...
5

Joseph Herman TIONA WAMBA*, Al...
PhD., Senior Lecturer, M.A. CAMES, Lasallian Laboratory of Management Science Engineering (LLMSE), Lasalle Technical Institute of Higher Education, Douala-Cameroon
74-84
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17660285

In an era of dynamic environmental pressures challenging traditional norms, informal control systems are gaining importance alongside formal ones to achieve corporate goals. This study on SMEs had two objectives: assess the use of informal controls, and compare social controls vs. self-monitoring systems to identify which better suits SMEs. The research methodology consists of a sound literature review (drawing on Chiapello, Ouchi, Merchant, Mintzberg, etc.) and four theories (governance, conventions, Theory Z, economics of trust). A quantitative survey of 91 SMEs via questionnaire was conducted. The data collected were analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS through Excel, and the data analysis techniques were descriptive stats, and multidimensional analysis. The key findings make it clear that both social controls and self-monitoring are used in SMEs. More so, self-monitoring systems are more prevalent and better suited than social controls. At last, effectiveness of self-monitoring in SMEs driven by four factors: organizational, human, technical, and contextual. Therefore, SMEs favor self-monitoring as the core of informal control due to its alignment with autonomy and flexibility.

10. Advancing communication and complaints resolution: finding an Effectiv...
5

Dr. Charlene Khethiwe Mavimbel...
Mpumalanga Department of Health Department: Research & Epidemiology.
85-90
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17697171

Healthcare-related litigations seem to be increasing worldwide and are caused by complaints related to patient care, medical errors and communication breakdowns. These litigations often lead to significant financial losses and emotional distress for both patients and hospital staff. The empirical concern driving this research is the alarming rise in healthcare-related litigations, resulting in significant financial burdens, reputational damage, and compromised patient care. Effective communication and complaint resolution strategies are crucial in mitigating these litigations, yet many healthcare institutions struggle to implement and sustain such approaches. Theoretically, this research is grounded in the principles of communication theory and the social influence model of technology use, which seeks to explore how social factors influence the adoption and use of technology-enabled communication and complaints resolution systems in healthcare settings. Using a mixed-method approach, data collection process included qualitative and quantitative methods. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with patients and staff at three hospitals in the district to gather deep insights into their experiences. Additional to those interviews, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to patients and staff at the same hospitals to collect quantitative data. Document analysis of relevant policies, guidelines, and records was conducted to give a contextual perspective and validate the findings. The methods used in this study give a comprehensive understanding of various issues surrounding communication, complaint resolution, and litigation in healthcare settings. This study is significant for healthcare policymakers and practitioners regarding evidence-based approaches towards improving communication, complaint resolution, as well as patient safety and satisfaction.

11. Prevalence of Positive Cultures of the Bile in Patients Undergone Chol...
0

Changiz Delavari, Ali Yavari*,...
MD Department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, imam Khomeini hospital complex, medicine faculty, Tehran University of medical science, Tehran, Iran.
91-94
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17707087

Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency of positive bile cultures in patients undergoing cholecystectomy at three training hospitals in Tehran in 2009 and 2010. Methods and Materials: This was an observational, descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy at the hospitals above during 2009 and 2010 were included in the study. Results: Among the patients included in the study, 29% had positive bile cultures. The most common germ found was E. coli (55.2%), followed by Enterobacter (13.8%), Klebsiella (10.3%), gram-positive bacteria (10.3%), proteus (6.9%), and pseudomonas (3.4%). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study and other similar studies, it can be concluded that positive bile culture is a common finding in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Therefore, it is recommended to perform antibiotic prophylaxis in these surgeries.

12. Effectiveness of Strategic Planning on Effective School Management in...
10

Ezekiel Justine*, Demetria Ger...
St. Augustine University of Tanzania
95-101
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17758024

This study examined the influence of strategic planning on resource allocation and effective school management in public secondary schools in Ubungo Municipality, Tanzania. Guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) Theory, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data from 44 teachers and qualitative insights from the head teacher. The sample size was 44 out of a 1000 target population. Questionnaire and interview guides were employed. Validity and reliability were assessed, giving a Correlation coefficient of 0.73. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, while qualitative data were examined thematically. The findings revealed that while strategic planning frameworks are in place in most schools, their practical application in resource allocation remains inconsistent. The report revealed that resource distribution does not align with strategic priorities, least effective, and emphasized the availability of teaching and learning materials as vital for effective school management. Qualitative results highlighted challenges such as delayed government funding, minimal parental contributions, and limited autonomy at the school level, which hinder effective implementation. The study concludes that strategic planning has a positive but constrained influence on school management due to systemic financial and structural barriers. The study recommended strengthening the linkage between planning and budgeting, enhancing monitoring systems, and empowering school leaders through training and autonomy to improve resource efficiency and educational outcomes.





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