This study investigates the relationship between Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency, and US financial markets. To broadly represent US financial markets, two assets are considered: the S&P 500 (SPY) and Gold. The prices of these three assets are used to create a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model to show that the price behavior of the individual assets does not have a statistically significant relationship to Bitcoin (and vice-versa) due to the stark differences in the market structure these assets trade-in and the characteristics of the asset itself. The daily closing price data is sourced from the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) and is transformed to a monthly level prior to the VAR model. This reduces the effects of outlier events and creates a dataset fit for longer-term analysis. While all three assets see long-term growth (year-over-year), independently, in the short-term (month-to-month), the VAR results suggest no statistical relationship between Bitcoin-S&P and Bitcoin-Gold. The relevance of this study can be seen in the context of portfolio theories.

Carbon foot print inclusive, life style changes forced by the covid-19 pandemic has both immediate and long-time effect on diverse facet of human endeavors. Towards quantifying this, secondary emission data was relied upon for time series analysis that showing an increasing trend in emission, further, primary data was obtained via survey procedures for correlation analysis, the result indicates that emissions increase do not necessarily imply to an increase in carbon foot print, as most variables understudied returned a p-value showing disagreement with this assertions, for example, working from home has a significant correlation with spending on transportation with an effect size of .288*and a p value of .022, so also is earnings/income at .260*and a p-value of .039, product reuse and recycle at .484** and a p-value of <.001, Willingness to use alternative energy has increased by an effect size of 266 at p .035 level of significance, indicative of a positive decrease in carbon footprint, in contrast the use of charcoal/fuelwood which has increased post covid-19 with an effect size of 470** p <0.001, patronage of processed product has also increased with an effect size of 325 p .009, as Energy savings and management reduced in post covid-19 period at an effect size of 097 and a p .450 level of significance, with reduced patronage of organic products at an effect size of .096 and a p value of .452 significance. Suggesting that advocacy and public enlightenments is needed to reduce carbon footprint through lifestyle changes related to these aspects. In conclusion the carbon foot print in Nigeria post covid-19 is not Business as usual, total emissions by volume might have increased but some life style changes have significantly reduced individuals carbon footprint. Without which the emissions would have compounded.

In this paper, we give some basic and elementary properties of the NeutronQuadruple Ring of polynomials and finally make some analysis as regards the NeutronQuadrupleRing of polynomials of the first degree.

Background: A crucial factor for promoting the rational use of medications is the implementation of effective distribution practices. These practices involve providing the appropriate medication in a suitable form to the correct patient, at the right dosage and quantity, accompanied by clear instructions, and packaged in a way that maintains the drug's potency Objective: to assess community pharmacists’ adherence to rational dispensing practice at selected community pharmacies in Addis Ababa. Method: A cross sectional study design was employed to assess the adherence of community pharmacists to rational prescribing practices. World Health organization prescribing standards was used to carry out face to face interview via close ended questionnaire. Result: The study conducted on total of 12 pharmacies and 120 clients showed that all the selected pharmacies fulfilled the standard 100%. All have the needed materials with the appropriate environment, of the observed pharmacists the most frequently given information’s was frequency and duration with percentages of 96.7% and 95% respectively. However important informations like side effect, precautions and contraindications were not given much emphasis only 9.2% informed about side effects, 10% about precautions and 21% about contraindications. Conclusion: This study revealed that mere knowledge and skills related to our area of research are insufficient. While pharmacists appear to possess the essential qualifications, there are instances of negligence among them. Consequently, it is important to implement regular training and awareness programs, as such lapses can lead to adverse outcomes for clients and patients.