Global Research Society Publisher

GRS Publisher Open Access Policy
Introduction
GRS Publisher is committed to advancing knowledge and fostering collaboration through open access publishing. Our open access policy ensures that research is freely accessible to all, promoting wider dissemination and engagement with scholarly work.
Definition of Open Access
Open access (OA) refers to the practice of providing unrestricted access to scholarly research outputs, including journal articles, books, and other academic publications. All materials published under this policy are freely available to read, download, and share, without financial, legal, or technical barriers.
Mission and Vision
Our Mission
Our mission is to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarly work that contributes to the advancement of science, education, and society. We strive to maintain the highest standards of integrity and quality in all our publications, ensuring that each piece of research is a valuable resource for the academic community and beyond. We envision a world where knowledge is freely accessible to all, empowering researchers, students, and the general public to engage with and contribute to the global dialogue of ideas. Our commitment to open access ensures that research can be disseminated widely, promoting collaboration and discovery.
Our Vision
We envision a world where knowledge is freely accessible to all, empowering researchers, students, and the general public to engage with and contribute to the global dialogue of ideas. Our commitment to open access ensures that research can be disseminated widely, promoting collaboration and discovery.
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Journals
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Track Manuscript
Latest Article
1. An Insight into the Historical Development of Teacher Education in Ind...
0

Kulsuma Nazir*
Teacher training and non-formal Education Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi.
70-77

The process of teacher education in India has been in a constant flux and has been continually evolving in response to emerging educational philosophies, socio-cultural environment and political changes, along with the changing national priorities. It is essential to be familiar with its historical development in order to understand the foundations of the present-day teacher education and the changes that are still being implemented in the profession for its optimal development. This conceptual paper looks at the evolution and development of teacher education in India from the Vedic period till the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the major historical phases, educational commissions, policies and reform movements which have shaped teacher education development over the years. The historical evolution of teacher education is explored chronologically, and every stage is analyses to gain insights into the contribution of each stage to the professionalization, institutionalization and improvement of teacher education in India. The review shows that teacher education in India has gradually developed from the informal Guru-Shishya tradition of the Vedic period into a more structured and professionally regulated system supported by national policies and institutional frameworks. The ancient and medieval periods played an important role in shaping the philosophical and ethical foundations of teacher preparation, while the colonial period brought a significant shift towards formal teacher training institutions and more systematic professional preparation. After Independence, successive commissions, policies and reforms significantly strengthened teacher education by emphasizing curriculum reform, practice teaching, institutional development, professional standards, continuous professional development and quality assurance. The review further highlights those recent reforms, particularly NEP 2020, seek to develop competent, reflective and professionally empowered teachers through multidisciplinary, integrated and practice-oriented teacher education. The paper concludes that the historical evolution of teacher education reflects a gradual shift from traditional approaches to a comprehensive professional system. It also suggests that understanding this historical trajectory is essential for informing future teacher education policies and strengthening the quality of teacher preparation in India.
2. Profitability Analysis of the West African Cotton (Wacot) Out-Grower S...
4

Yahaya Kaka*, Aliyu Danmaigoro...
Department Agricultural Economics and Extension, Abdullahi Fodio University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144 Kebbi State, Nigeria
42-48

This study assessed the impact of the WACOT Out-Grower Scheme on the profitability of smallholder rice farmers in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary and non-beneficiary farmers and compared their production costs, returns, and profitability. The study is significant because it provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of contract farming in enhancing rice profitability, and rural livelihoods. A cross-sectional survey and quasi-experimental research design were adopted. Primary data were collected from 540 rice farmers comprising 270 beneficiaries and 270 non-beneficiaries selected through a multi-stage sampling technique across seven rice-producing Local Government Areas in Kebbi State. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis. The findings revealed that beneficiaries had better educational attainment, larger farm sizes, greater access to irrigation and extension services, and lower production costs (₦360,000/ha) than non-beneficiaries (₦396,800/ha). Beneficiaries also achieved higher average yield (5,200 kg/ha), total revenue (₦1,664,000/ha), net farm income (₦1,304,000/ha), return per naira invested (3.62), and benefit-cost ratio (4.62), demonstrating superior profitability. The study concludes that participation in the WACOT Out-Grower Scheme significantly enhances productivity, profitability, and institutional support for smallholder rice farmers. It recommends expanding farmers' access to quality inputs, extension services, irrigation infrastructure, affordable credit, and inclusive participation, particularly for women and resource-poor farmers, to strengthen sustainable rice production and food security in Kebbi State and Nigeria.
3. How We Preserve Memories: The Magic of Printed Photos in the Digital A...
1

Vakhtang Egiazarov*
Photographer Pseudonym – Vakho FX Tbilisi Georgia.
1-2

This article examines the phenomenon of printed photography in the context of digital abundance of visual content. It analyzes the paradox of contemporary photographic culture: the increasing number of photographs produced is accompanied by a declining value of each one and a weakening of the practice of returning to memories. The materiality of the print is explored as a special form of memory—tactile, ever-present in everyday life, and requiring conscious selection. Particular attention is given to the family album as a cultural institution for the transmission of memory between generations and the problem of the fragility of digital heritage. Practical recommendations for combining digital archiving with conscious printing practices are offered.
4. Minilateralism in South Asia: SAARC Challenges and Prospects
32

Ruhul Amin*, Sirazum Monira, R...
National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University) Department: Applied Linguistics and Text Analytics.
11-41
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21847106

The concept of minilateralism which involves small group of countries is emerging as a viable option to overcome the difficulties of traditional multilateralism, especially in South Asia where rivalrous great powers have thwarted regionalism in SAARC. India is one of the countries which have relied greatly on bilateralism and minilateralism to tackle its security problems in recent times. It has engaged in various minilateral summits and meetings alongside Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. However, India’s foreign policy is driven mainly towards countering China’s growing influence and Pakistan’s hegemony in the region. Pakistan on the other hand, has pursued minilateralism as its foreign policy option to counter India’s dominance and to overcome the impasse in SAARC. Consequently, there has been a security dilemma which has triggered the arms race in the region. Although minilateralism provides a more effective forum for negotiations and cooperation than multilateralism, it raises new problems of coordination and may lead to further fragmentation of South Asia.