Background- Intracranial lesions encompass a wide spectrum of neoplastic, infective, inflammatory, ischemic, and cystic pathologies. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences often demonstrate overlapping imaging appearances, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping provide additional physiological and microstructural information that can improve lesion characterization. Aim- To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC values obtained from 3T MRI in the assessment and differentiation of intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods- A prospective observational study was conducted in patients presenting with suspected intracranial lesions who underwent MRI brain examination using a 3T MRI scanner. Conventional MRI sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, FLAIR, and post-contrast imaging were performed along with DWI and ADC mapping. Lesions were analyzed for diffusion restriction patterns and quantitative ADC values. Histopathology, clinical follow-up, and radiological correlation were used for final diagnosis. Results- High-grade tumors, pyogenic abscesses, epidermoid cysts, and acute infarcts demonstrated restricted diffusion with low ADC values. Low-grade gliomas, arachnoid cysts, and cystic lesions with free water diffusion showed elevated ADC values. DWI proved particularly useful in differentiating pyogenic abscesses from necrotic tumors and epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts. Quantitative ADC analysis showed significant correlation with lesion cellularity and histopathological grade. Conclusion- DWI and ADC mapping significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in intracranial lesions. These techniques provide valuable non-invasive information regarding tissue cellularity, viscosity, and microstructural integrity, thereby aiding lesion characterization, tumor grading, and early diagnosis.