This study investigates the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the domains of environmental and energy management, with the aim of facilitating progress toward long-term sustainable development goals. To achieve this objective, the research adopted a theory-building strategy with an emergent approach, allowing for systematic collection and analysis of qualitative data. The study population comprised experts in IoT technologies, and theoretical saturation was reached after conducting 20 semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed through Strauss and Corbin’s coding framework, encompassing open, axial, and selective coding procedures, to ensure rigorous and structured interpretation of the data. Based on the analysis, the study proposes a conceptual framework entitled: “Internet of Things Technology Development Model in the Field of Environmental and Energy Issues to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals.” This framework highlights that existing challenges in energy and environmental sectors act as key drivers for the advancement of IoT technologies. The application of IoT in environmental sustainability demonstrates multiple benefits, including enhanced agricultural productivity, reduced deforestation, cost savings, and improved quality of life. Furthermore, this model illustrates that IoT technologies can not only mitigate pressing environmental challenges but also support the achievement of sustainable development objectives, particularly within the environmental dimension. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of IoT technologies as enablers of sustainable development, offering practical pathways for integrating technological innovation with environmental and energy policy initiatives.