One of the key debates within the theories and schools of international relations and geopolitics is the discussion surrounding the sources of conflict and disputes between states. Since tensions and conflicts between states and governments have always occurred at various levels and dimensions—and will likely continue in the future—scholars and theorists from different schools of international relations and geopolitics have sought to identify and explain the roots and factors contributing to international conflicts in various ways. The schools of thought and philosophy in international relations, based on their approaches to analyzing global issues, have presented their perspectives on the emergence of differences and conflicts between political units across local, national, regional, and global dimensions. Given the importance of identifying the factors that create tension and conflict in inter-state relations, a wide range of perspectives has been proposed by thinkers from different academic disciplines as well as diverse intellectual and philosophical schools. It appears that each theory in international relations, depending on the philosophical foundations and scientific approaches of its proponents, identifies different—and at times contradictory—factors as the causes of conflict between states. Geopolitical thinkers have also analyzed various aspects of geopolitical factors contributing to inter-state conflict but have not offered a comprehensive or unified view of this phenomenon. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical approach in an applied study, the emerging sources of conflict between states will be examined within the framework of theories in international relations and geopolitics.